PReS-FINAL-2025: Arthritis associated with human immunodeficiency virus

Methods We retrospectively reviewed the case record of a fourteen year old boy of African origin with arthritis. He had been previously well and presented with a two week history of initially right ankle swelling which progressed to involve his left knee, right ankle, left wrist and distal interphalangeal joint of his index finger of his left hand. All these joints were swollen, warm and had restricted range of movement. He was systemically well and was diagnosed with polyarticular JIA. Initial management consisted of oral Naproxen, Prednisolone 0.6 mg/kg and Methotrexate 15 mg/m. This treatment resulted in some improvment in his joint symptoms. However, he represented two weeks later experiencing night sweats and was found to have generalised lymphadenopathy. After further history and investigation, he was diagnosed with HIV infection. He was subsequently referred to tertiary centre specialists in Paediatric Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases/Immunology (at Sheffield Children’s Hospital) for further investigation.